The Rotating States

The appearance of traveling wave states in translationally invariant systems is well-understood, and such states have been observed in a number of fluid systems. A stationary, symmetric ordered pattern undergoes a symmetry-breaking bifurcation producing a nonsymmetric pattern which propagates uniformly in either characteristic direction.

In circularly-symmetric systems such states have uniformly rotating rings of cells. Individual cells within the rotating rings assume an asymmetric shape which depends on the direction of rotation.

2 Cell Rotating Movie (.55M)

11/2 Rotating Movie (.55M)

11/1 Rotating Movie (.55M)

• Rotating and modulated rotating states of cellular flames
  M. Gorman, C.F. Hamill, M. el-Hamdi and K. A. Robbins,
  Combustion Science and Technology 98 (1994) pp. 25-35.