The Ordered States

Ordered states of cellular flames, consisting of concentric rings of approximately equal-size cells, are observed over a wide range of parameters in our experiments using heavy hydrocarbon-air mixtures on a circular porous plug burner at low pressure. These ordered states have been found with cell numbers ranging from five to thirty at a pressure of 1/2 atmospheres. Although the large scale patterns of the ordered states are stationary, these states exhibit small-scale, irregular vibrations.

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• Experimental observations of ordered states of cellular flames
  M. Gorman, M. el-Hamdi and K. A. Robbins,
  Combustion Science and Technology 98 (1994) pp. 37-45.